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Eman Union - Explore Hinduism
TABLE OF CONTENT
VIOLENCE AND INTOLERANCE
WOMEN
HINDU GODS
PUNISHMENTS
IMMORALITY AND VULGARITY
DISCRIMINATION
INCOHERENT AND SCIENTIFIC ERRORS
EXPOSING AND REBUTTALS
History of Hinduism
1. Prehistoric & Indus Valley Period (3000–1500 BCE)
■ Historical Foundations
• Indus Valley Civilisation (Harappa, Mohenjo-daro): unproven links to Hinduism
• Evidence of ritual bathing tanks, fire altars, proto-Shiva seals
• No deciphered scripture — connections remain speculative
■ Competing Origin Theories
• Indo-Aryan Migration / Invasion Theory
• Out-of-India Theory (OIT) — contested
• Indigenous Assimilation model
2. Early Vedic Period (1500–1000 BCE)
■ First Clear Textual Evidence
• Rig Veda — oldest surviving Indo-European scripture
• Hymns to Agni, Indra, Varuna, Soma
• Nature-based polytheism; fire sacrifices (yajna) central
■ Etymology & Identity
• 'Hindu': derived from Persian/Islamic rendering of 'Sindhu' (Indus River)
• Not yet a self-identified religion — a geographic/cultural label
3. Later Vedic Expansion (1000–700 BCE)
■ Texts Composed
• Yajurveda — ritual formulas for sacrifices
• Samaveda — liturgical chants
• Atharvaveda — spells, healing, daily-life hymns
• Brahmanas — prose commentaries explaining rituals
• Aranyakas — 'forest texts', transitional philosophical works
■ Key Changes
• Rituals become more elaborate and expensive
• Brahmin priesthood gains social and religious authority
• Social classification (varna) becomes increasingly rigid
4. Philosophical Revolution — The Upanishads (800–400 BCE)
■ Major Shift
• Move from external ritual to internal metaphysics
• Forest sages question the purpose of sacrifice
■ New Core Concepts
• Brahman — Ultimate Reality / universal consciousness
• Atman — Individual Self (identical to Brahman in Advaita)
• Moksha — Liberation from the cycle of rebirth
• Karma — Law of moral cause and effect
• Samsara — Cycle of death and rebirth
• Major Upanishads: Brihadaranyaka, Chandogya, Kena, Katha, Mundaka
5. Heterodox Challenges (600–400 BCE)
■ Buddhism
• Siddhartha Gautama (~563–483 BCE) rejects Vedic authority
• Challenges caste hierarchy and ritual excess
• Spreads rapidly under Mauryan patronage (Ashoka, 3rd c. BCE)
■ Jainism
• Mahavira (~599–527 BCE) — 24th Tirthankara
• Emphasises non-violence (ahimsa), asceticism, rejection of Vedas
• Both movements force Hinduism to reform and clarify its identity
6. Epic & Early Classical Period (400 BCE – 400 CE)
■ Mahabharata
• World's longest epic (~100,000 verses)
• Contains the Bhagavad Gita — Krishna's discourse on dharma, karma, devotion
• Composed/compiled c. 400 BCE – 400 CE
■ Ramayana
• Attributed to Valmiki; ~24,000 verses
• Rama as ideal king and dharmic hero
• Composed/compiled c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE
■ Key Transformations
• Rise of devotional theism (bhakti seeds planted)
• Krishna and Rama elevated to full divine status
• Dharma becomes a moral-ethical, not merely ritual, concept
• Manusmriti codifies social law (dharmashastra tradition)
7. Puranic & Temple Hinduism (300–1200 CE)
■ Major Theological Traditions Crystallise
• Vaishnavism — devotion to Vishnu / Krishna / Rama
• Shaivism — devotion to Shiva
• Shaktism — devotion to the Goddess (Devi, Durga, Kali)
■ Key Texts
• 18 Major Puranas (Vishnu Purana, Shiva Purana, Devi Bhagavata, etc.)
• Agamas — temple ritual manuals
• Tantric texts — esoteric ritual traditions
■ Practices Now Resembling Modern Hinduism
• Image worship (murti puja) becomes widespread
• Pilgrimage networks (Char Dham, tirtha yatra) established
• Grand temple complexes built (Chidambaram, Brihadeeswarar, Khajuraho)
8. Decline of Hindusim(7th–12th Century CE)
■ Internal Weaknesses
• Excessive ritualism — Mimamsa school focuses on rigid, expensive rites
• Sectarian disunity — dozens of sects clash over theological supremacy
• Caste oppression alienates large populations
• Lack of centralised organisation or unified leadership
■ External Pressures
• Buddhism dominant across much of India and Asia
• Jainism holds strong in western India
• Early Islamic incursions from the northwest (8th c. CE onwards)
9. Adi Shankaracharya & Hindu Revival (788–820 CE)
■ Advaita Vedanta Philosophy
• Non-dualism: Atman = Brahman; the world is maya (illusion)
• Systematic commentaries on Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Brahma Sutras
■ Organisational Reform
• Established 4 Mathas (monasteries): Sringeri, Dwarka, Puri, Jyotirmath
• Created Dashanami Sannyasa monastic order
■ Ritual & Sectarian Reform
• Panchayatana puja — unified worship of 5 major deities
• Shanmata system — 6 sects treated as equally valid paths
■ Intellectual Revival
• Defeated Buddhist and Jain scholars in formal debates
• Reasserted Vedic authority across the subcontinent
10. Bhakti Movements & Islamic Period (600–1700 CE)
■ Tamil Bhakti Origins (6th–9th Century CE)
• Alvars (Vaishnava 12-poet-saints): Andal, Nammalvar
• Nayanmars (Shaiva 63-poet-saints): Appar, Sundarar, Manikkavacakar
• Devotional hymns in Tamil replace Sanskrit exclusivity
■ Types of Bhakti
• Saguna Bhakti — devotion to God with form (Krishna, Rama, Shiva)
• Nirguna Bhakti — devotion to formless, attributeless God
■ Philosophical Bhakti Challenges Shankara (11th–13th Century CE)
• Ramanujacharya — Vishishtadvaita (qualified non-dualism)
• Madhvacharya — Dvaita (strict dualism: God and soul are eternally distinct)
• Nimbarka — Dvaitadvaita; Vallabhacharya — Shuddhadvaita
■ North Indian Bhakti (14th–17th Century CE)
Influenced by: social inequality, Islamic Sufi spirituality, regional languages
• Kabir — nirguna poet, Hindu-Muslim synthesis
• Guru Nanak — founded Sikhism (1469–1539)
• Mirabai — Krishna devotee, challenged gender and caste norms
• Tulsidas — composed Ramcharitmanas (Hindi Ramayana, 1574 CE)
• Chaitanya Mahaprabhu — ecstatic Krishna devotion (Bengal)
• Tukaram, Eknath — Maharashtra Varkari tradition
11. Colonial Period & Forced Unification (18th–19th CE)
■ Before the British Raj
• No single religion called 'Hinduism' existed as a unified identity
• People identified as Shaiva, Vaishnava, Shakta, Smarta, or by region/sect
■ British Census & Codification
• 1871 census: British forced religious categorisation across India
• Hundreds of diverse traditions grouped under the label 'Hindu'
• Personal law codified: Hindu Marriage Act, inheritance laws imposed
• Orientalist scholars (Max Muller, Monier-Williams) translate & interpret texts
■ Hindu Reform Movements (Response to Colonialism)
• Raja Ram Mohan Roy — founded Brahmo Samaj (1828); opposed sati, promoted reason
• Dayananda Saraswati — founded Arya Samaj (1875); 'Back to the Vedas'
• Swami Vivekananda — represented Hinduism at 1893 Chicago Parliament of Religions
• Ramakrishna Mission — universal Vedanta; service as worship
• Theosophical Society — Western interest in Hindu philosophy
■ Sanatana Dharma: A Modern Rebranding
• Colonial era saw Hindu identity politics consolidate
• 'Sanatana Dharma' used to assert eternal, pre-colonial authenticity
12. Post-Colonial & Modern Hinduism (1947 CE – Present)
■ After Independence (1947)
• India declared secular; Hindu Personal Law codified in Hindu Code Bills (1955–56)
• Hindu Mahasabha, RSS, and later BJP shaped political Hinduism (Hindutva)
• Hinduism legally defined by courts: includes Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs by some laws
■ Global Spread
• Swami Prabhupada — ISKCON (Hare Krishna) spreads globally from 1966
• Transcendental Meditation (Maharishi Mahesh Yogi) reaches West
• Yoga and Ayurveda become global wellness industries
• Diaspora Hinduism: thriving temple communities in USA, UK, Canada, Southeast Asia
■ Internal Diversity Continues
• Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shaktism, Smartism remain distinct living traditions
• New movements: Swadhyaya, Chinmaya Mission, Art of Living, Isha Foundation
• Dalit critique of caste within Hinduism (Ambedkar's legacy)
• Feminist re-reading of goddess traditions
■ Contemporary Debates
• Hindutva vs. pluralist Hinduism
• Temple destruction/reconstruction controversies (Ayodhya, 1992–2024)
• Digitisation of scriptures and online ritual practices post-2000s
• Hinduism: ~1.2 billion adherents — third largest religion globally
VIOLENCE AND INTOLERANCE
Chapter 1: Animal Slaughtering and Eating
1. Introduction
2. Influence of Buddhism and Jainism
3. Animal Sacrifices
3.1 For Deities
3.2 For Ancestors
4. Meat Eating
5. Cow and Bull Slaughtering
6. Meat as Medicine
7. Animal Slaughtering in Ramayana
8. Kalki Performs Animal Sacrifices
9. Killing Animals is Non-Violent
10. Examples of Meat Consumption and Sacrifices
10.1 Krishna
10.2 Shiva
10.3 Others
11. The Testimony of Various Classical Scholars
11.1 Adi Shankaracharya
11.2 Acharya Ramanuja
11.3 Sikand Swami
Animals such as cows has become a topic of controversy
Chapter 2: Intolerance Towards Buddhism
1. Cannot touch a Buddhist
2. The teachings of Buddha were blasphemous and Non-Vedic
3. Hell for Buddhists
4. Lord Kalki – The Murderer of Buddhists
5. Buddhists witnessing the Shraddha invalidates it
Chapter 3: Intolerance Towards Jainism
1. Cannot touch a Jain
2. Jainism opposes the Vedas and is the root to all sins
3. Hell for Jains
5. Jains witnessing the Shraddha invalidates it
Chapter 4: Intolerance Towards Non-believers
1. Gods destroying the Infidels
2. Holy war against Infidels
3. Killing women and children
4. Avoiding the company of Atheists
5. Getting martyred in a Holy war in order to attain Heaven (Swarg)
6. Hell for Atheists and Non-believers
7. Punishment for Atheists
8. Atheism = Adharma
9. Atheists are barred from learning
10. Infidels cannot act as witnesses
11. No Moksha/Salvation for Atheists
Chapter 5: Human Sacrifices and Cannibalism
1.2 Cannibalism
2. Human Sacrifices (Purushamedha)
3. Cannibalism
Chapter 6: Mercilessly Killing The Enemies
1. Durga
2. Kali
3. Vishnu
4. Krishna
5. Mahamaya
6. Ram
7. Chandika
8. Methods to Intimidate the Enemies
Chapter 7: Are Gods Murderer ?
1. Hanuman
2. Indra
3. Krishna
4. Parshuram
5. Ram and Lakshman
6. Vishnu
WOMEN
Chapter 8: Women
1. No Inheritance For Women
2. Preference Of A Son Over A Daughter
3. Purpose Of Creating Women
4. Women Are Of Sinful Birth
5. Nature Of Women
6. Testimony Of Women Is Not Considered Valid
7. Women Are Equal To Dogs And Pigs
8. Women In Her Menses
9. Women Devoid Of Intellect And Strength
10. Women Should Not Be Given Freedom
11. Women Are Child Production Machines
12. Women Are Bad Luck
13. Beating Of Wives
14. Cannot Read The Vedas Or Perform Sacrifices
15. Women Are Like Shudras
16. Duties Of A Wife
17. Women Are Sex Maniacs
18. Women Referred To As A Field
19. Cannot Choose Their Husbands
20. How To Determine The Nature Of Women
21. Proud Wife Should Be Punished
22. Derogatory Remarks Against Women
23. Widows Cannot Remarry
The impact of other religions, such as Islam, has prompted certain Hindu
Chapter 9: Apsaras in Swarg
1. Apsaras In Swarg (Heaven)
2. Apsaras for Martyrs
3. How do Women Become Apsaras?
4. Gods use Apsaras for own Sexual Pleasures
5. Gods Sending Apsaras to Seduce Rishis
Chapter 10: Hijab and Chastity
1. Introduction
2. Hijab as an Obligation in Hinduism
3. Women Covered in Veil in the Hindu Scriptures
Chapter 11: Paedophilia and Child Marriage
1. Verses promoting Child Marriage
2. Examples of women getting married at pre-adolescent ages
3. Ram marries 6 year old Sita
4. Krishna marries 8 year old Rukmini
Chapter 12: Polygamy in Hinduism
1. Polygamy in the Hindu Scriptures
2. Krishna marries 8 year old Rukmini
3. Gods and Kings committing Polygamy
Chapter 13: Niyog Pratha
1. Niyoga in the Hindu Scriptures
2. Examples of Women Practicing Niyog
Chapter 14: Sati Pratha
1. Sati Pratha in the Hindu Scriptures
2. Examples of women dying as a Sati in the Hindu Scriptures
3. Cases of Sati Pratha in Independent India
Chapter 15: Prostitution
1. Devadasi Pratha (Religious Prostitution)
2. Permissibility of earning from owned prostitutes
3. The younger brother should donate his wife to his elder brother
4. Every sexual desire of a brahmin should be fulfilled
5. Giving breasts to a brahmin to suck in order to obtain a son
6. Indra savs the widows to live their lives like prostitutes
7. Thousands of dancing prostitutes giving erotic massages
Chapter 16: Slavery
1. Female Slaves in Hinduism
2. How does one acquire slaves
3. Forcible Abduction Of Maidens For Marriage
6. Sex With Female Slaves
5. Slaves Cannot Own Property
GODS
Chapter 22: Weak Gods
1. Gods Were Born
2. Gods Had To Attain Immortality
3. Gods Suffering From Illness
4. Gods Dying
Chapter 23: Cheating
1. Krishna
2. Shiva
3. Vishnu
4. Ashvins
5. Mitra-Varuna
6. Indra
7. The God-Heads
Krishna uses deceitful methods in order to get victory,
Chapter 24: Ejaculating
1. Agni
2. Brahma
3. Krishna
4. Mitra and Varuna
5. Prajapati
6. Shiva
7. Sage Vyasa
8. Sage Satyadharti
9. Sage Suparsva
10. Sage Bharadwaja
11. Sage Vibhandaka
12. Sage Mankana
13. Sage Dadhica
14. Sage Kashyap
15. Sage Devarata
Chapter 25: Adultery
1. Brihaspati
2. Gautama
3. Indra
4. Indra, Agni, Soma and Brahma
5. Krishna
6. Mohini promoting Adultery
7. Parashar
8. Shiva
9. Soma
10. Vayu
11. Vishnu
12. Vyasa
13. Sage Kandu
Chapter 26: Consuming Intoxicants
1. Balarama
2. Durga
3. Hanuman
4. Indra
5. Kali
6. Krishna
7. Aniruddha (Grandson of Krishna)
8. Ram and Sita
9. Varuna
10. Shiva and Parvati
11. Sage Dattatreya
11. Sage Kashyap
12. Sage Vashistha
13. Sage Bharadwaja
14. Sage Vishwarupa
15. Other Kings
Chapter 27:Fighting With Each Other
1. Brahma Vs Vishnu
2. Brahma Vs Shiva
3. Vishnu Vs Shiva
4. Vishnu Vs Other Gods
5. Vishnu Vs Lakshmi
6. Indra Vs Arjuna
7. Indra Vs Shiva
8. Indra Vs Visvarupa
9. Indra Vs Krishna
10. Indra Vs Maruts
11. Indra Vs Sagara’s Sons
12. Indra Vs Muni Dadhyam
13. Shiva and Vishnu Vs Ganesha
14. Shiva Vs Aurva
15. Shiva Vs Krishna
16. Shiva Vs Yama
17. Shiva’s Virabhadra Vs Vishnu’s Virabhadra
18. Shiva’s Virabhadra Vs Gods
19. Vasishta Vs Vishwamitra
20. Others
Chapter 28: LGBT in Hinduism
1. Krishna and Arjuna
2. Shiva and Vishnu
3. Shiva and Agni
4. Krishna and Narada
5. Mitra and Varuna
6. Narada and King Taladhvaja
7. Budha (Son of Soma) and King
Chapter 29: Physical Appearances of Gods
1. Hanuman
2. Ram
3. Shiva
Chapter 30: Rapes
1. Brahma and his Own Daughter
2. Ashwinkumar and a Brahmin Lady
3. Brihaspati and his Brother’s Wife- Mamatha
4. Indra and Ahalya
5. Indra and Rambha
6. Indra and the Wife of Brihaspati’s Brother
7. Shiva Attempted to Rape the Daughter of Sage Agniveshya
8. Soma Abducted and Raped the Wife of Brihaspati
9. Surya Devta and Kunti
10. Surya Devta Raped his Wife
11. Varuna and Bhadra
12. Vayu (Wind God) and the Daughters of Kushanabha
13. Vishnu and Vrinda (Tulasi)
14. Vishnu and Multiple Women
15. Suvarna the Son of Agni, Rapes Multiple Women
Chapter 31: Summary on the Life of Rama
1. Birth of Rama
2. Birth of Sita
3. Age of Sita at the time of marriage with Rama
4. Rama’s love for meat, liquor and dancing girls
5. How Hanuman confronted Sita
6. Ram openly describes Sita’s body
7. Heated argument between Sita and Lakshmana
8. Sita accuses Laxman of eyeing her
9. Sita was physically abused by Jayant, the son of Indra
10. Rama had more than one wife
11. For how many days did Sita live in the house of Ravana?
12. Rama abandons Sita
13. Rama becomes depressed and ask help from other Gods
14. Rama and Sita commits suicide
Chapter 32: Salvation in Hinduism
1. No salvation for practising anything opposite to the Vedas
2. Atheists cannot get salvation
Chapter 33: Lust of Brahma
1. Brahma Ejaculates on Seeing Various Women
2. Brahma’s Incest With his Daughter
3. Bizarre Creations of Brahma
Brahma ejaculates and drops his semen after staring at the face of Sati,
Chapter 34: Lust of Indra
1. Indra raped Rambha
2. Indra raped Ahalya
3. Indra raped the wife of Brihaspati’s brother
4. Gautama curses Indra for raping his wife
5. Indra, after losing his testicles, gets them back after borrowing testicles
6. Indra (in the form of wind) blew up the garments of the bathing girls
7. Indra entered a horse in order to have intercourse with the Queen
Chapter 35: Lust of Krishna
1. Krishna had 16000+ wives
2. Krishna indulged in marrying over 16000 women for his own pleasure
3. Krishna begot over 10 children with each of his 16,108 wives
4. Krishna curses his wives to be abducted by bandits
5. Krishna with his concubines
6. Krishna with his wives
7. Krishna drops his semen after looking at Rati (Goddess of Love)
8. Krishna’s intercourse with the hump-back lady
9. Krishna wanting to have sex with Gopis
10. Krishna stole Gopis’s garments
11. Krishna married his own cousin sisters
12. Krishna abducts and marries an 8 year old girl – Rukmini
13. Krishna owning and dealing with slaves
14. Krishna transforms himself into a girl
15. Krishna indulging in gambling
16. Krishna’s Addiction to Wine and Meat
17. What happened to the wives of Krishna after his death?
Chapter 36: Lust of Shiva
1. Shiva attempted to rape the daughter of Sage Agniveshya
2. Shiva incurs a sage’s curse and drops his penis on the ground
3. Shiva had sex with a prostitute
4. Shiva lusted after goddess Girija
5. Shiva followed a naked woman and dropped his semen
6. Shiva – The sex addict
7. Shiva’s sex story with his wife
8. Shiva’s necrophilia
9. Gods drank the semen of Shiva and became pregnant
10. Shiva offered his testicles as food
11. Shiva has an ever-erected penis
12. Shiva’s addiction to cannabis and wine
Chapter 37: Lust of Surya Devta
Chapter 38: Lust of Vishnu
1. Vishnu – The sex addict
2. Vishnu became lusty after seeing Padmavati (Daughter of King Akasa)
3. Vishnu exchanged his wives with Brahma and Shiva
4. Vishnu had 3 wives
5. Vishnu raped Vrinda (Tulasi)
6. Vishnu raped multiple other women
PUNISHMENTS
Chapter 39: Punishment for Adultery
1. Severe punishments for Adulterers
2. Hell for Adulterers
Chapter 40: Punishment for Apostasy
1. Apostates shall become slaves
2. Death for Apostasy
3. Hell for Apostasy
4. Examples of Apostasy
Chapter 41: Punishment for Blasphemy
1. Blasphemers will become demons and animals
2. Punishments for Blasphemers
3. Hell for Blasphemers
4. Cannot converse with Blasphemers
Chapter 42: Punishment for Theft
1. Hell for the ones who partake in Shudra’s food
2. Hell for worshipping idols made by Shudras
3. Hell for causing the mixture of castes
4. Hell for giving Shudra’s the leavings of a Shraddha
5. Shudras who do not serve the upper castes goes to Hell
6. Hell for censuring and rejecting the Scriptures
7. Hell for Buddhists and Jains
8. Hell for Atheists and Non-believers
9. Hell for delaying daughter’s marriage beyond puberty
10. Hell for Adulterers
11. Hell for Blasphemers
12. Hell for thieves
13. Hell for wives who are not obedient
14. Hell for offering forbidden flowers to Vishnu
15. Hell for marrying before your elder brother
16. Hell for not performing Shradhha
17. Hell for not worshipping the Shivling
18. Hell for plucking flowers from temple parks
Chapter 43: Sins Leading to Hell
1. Hell for the ones who partake in Shudra’s food
2. Hell for worshipping idols made by Shudras
3. Hell for causing the mixture of castes
4. Hell for giving Shudra’s the leavings of a Shraddha
5. Shudras who do not serve the upper castes goes to Hell
6. Hell for censuring and rejecting the Scriptures
7. Hell for Buddhists and Jains
8. Hell for Atheists and Non-believers
9. Hell for delaying daughter’s marriage beyond puberty
10. Hell for Adulterers
11. Hell for Blasphemers
12. Hell for thieves
13. Hell for wives who are not obedient
14. Hell for offering forbidden flowers to Vishnu
15. Hell for marrying before your elder brother
16. Hell for not performing Shradhha
17. Hell for not worshipping the Shivling
18. Hell for plucking flowers from temple parks
IMMORALITY AND VULGARITY
Chapter 44: Bestiality in Hinduism
1. Introduction
2. Ashvamedha Yajna (Sex With a Dead Horse)
3. Bestiality is Permitted
4. No Major Punishment for Bestiality
5. Examples of Bestiality in the Hindu Scriptures
Chapter 45: Importance of Cow Excretes
1. Salvation Through Bathing in Urine
2. Importance of Cow Dung
2.1 Cow’s Urine is Tranquility and Prosperity
2.2 Dung and Urine as Medicine
3. Krishna Washed with Cow Dung and Urine
4. What is Panchagavya?
Chapter 46: Incest in Hinduism
1. Brahma’s Incest With his Daughter
2. Daksh Desired to Have Sex With his own Sister
3. Krishna’s marriage with his cousin sisters
4. Manu’s incest with his daughter
5. Prajapati’s incest with his daughter
6. Rudra’s incest with his daughter
7. Sasadvani impregnated his own daughter
8. Yajnavalkya accidentally impregnates his own sister
9. Sanajjata had sex with his mother (a prostitute)
Chapter 47: Obscene Practices of Hinduism
1. Masturbation
2. Oral Sex
3. Sex Positions
4. Group Sex
5. Some more disgusting practises
Chapter 48: Hinduism and Suicide
Verse encouraging Suicide
Chapter 49: Wine Consumption in Hinduism
1. Wine in Heaven
2. Wine as Medicine
3. Offering Wine to Gods and Ancestors
4. Hindu Scriptures on Liquor Drinking
Chapter 50: What Is Shivling?
1. The meaning of Ling/Linga/Lingam
2. Rishis cutting off Shiva’s penis
3. Shiva’s Self-Castration
4. Importance of the Shivling in worship
5. Pictures of some Shivlings bearing striking resemblance to Penis
Chapter 51: Lying in Hinduism
1. When is Lying Permitted in Hinduism
2. Gods and Rishis Resorting to Falsehood
3. Scriptural Basis for Permitted Lying
4.Circumstances when it is allowed to lie
1.
Chapter 52: Gambling in Hinduism
1. Gods Indulging in Games of Dice/Gambling
1.1 Shiva and Parvati
1.2 Krishna
1.3 Aniruddha, the son of Krishna
1.4 Balarama
2. Hindu Scriptures on Gambling
3. Talismans and Charms to get Success in Gambling
DISCRIMINATION
Chapter 53: Caste System in Hinduism
1. Introduction
2. Superiority of Brahmins Over Other Castes
3. Birth Based Caste System
3.1 Child Born to Parents of Different Castes
4. Punishments for Shudras/Lower Castes
4.1 Punishment for a Shudra who Teaches Dharma to the Upper Castes
4.2 Punishment for a Shudra who Hits a Twice-Born
4.3 Punishment for a Shudra who Insults a Twice-Born
4.4 Punishment for a Shudra who Tries to Occupy the Seat of a Twice-Born
4.5 Hell for Shudras who Oppose the Brahmins
4.6 Punishment for a Shudra who Kills a Brahmin
4.7 Hell for Shudras who Drink the Milk of ‘Kapila’ Cows
5. Discriminations Against Shudras/Lower Castes
5.1 Prohibition on Consuming Food Water Offered by Lower Castes
5.2 Shudras are Prohibited From Reading the Vedas
5.3 Difficult for a Shudra to Worship
5.4 Shudras Cannot own Properties or Accumulate Wealth
5.5 Shudras Cannot Eat the Leftover Food of Shraddhas
5.6 No Capital Punishment for Abusing a Shudra
5.7 Shudras are Slaves of Upper Castes
5.8 Killing a Shudra is Equal to Killing a Cat, Crow, or Dog
5.9 Untouchability/Cannot Touch a Low Caste
5.10 Cannot Converse With a Low Caste
5.11 Cannot Greet a Low Caste
5.12 Cannot Look at a Low Caste
5.13 Cannot Even Step on the Shadow of a Low Caste
5.14 How does a Shudra who is Accused of a Crime Prove his Innocence
5.15 Eating Remnants of Dvija Master’s Meal
5.16 Shudras Cannot Become Kings
5.17 Shudras Cannot Take Part in Sacrifices
6. How are Discriminations Justified by the Karma Doctrine
7. Prohibition on Intercaste Marriage
8. Myths of Caste Mobility
9. Ram Kills Shambuka
Chapter 54: Dogs in Hinduism
1. Dog Owners Will Never Achieve Heaven
2. Ancestral Offering Gets Ruined by the Sight of a Dog
3. Dogs Cannot Look at Brahmins While They Eat
4. Dogs Cannot Look at Someone Fasting
5. He Should Bath Himself if he’s Touched by a Dog
6. Deities do not Eat the Offerings if There are Dogs in Sight
INCOHERENT AND SCIENTIFIC ERRORS
Chapter 17: Scientific Errors in Hinduism
1. Distance between celestial objects
2. Shape of the Earth
3. Earth is Propped/Supported
3. Earth was established over the waters
4. How full Moon occurs
5. Moon is larger than the Sun
6. Moon has its own light
7. Moon, Mars, Venus, Jupiter and Saturn are made of water
8. Orbits of different celestial objects
9. Planets and Stars are propelled by wind
10. Size of the Earth
11. Solar eclipse is caused by a demon
12. Speed at which the Sun travels
13. Speed of celestial objects
14. Earth is immovable
15. List of the 9 planets according to Hinduism
16. The Heavens are supported by pillars
17. The imaginary Mount Meru
17. Mountain had wings
18. Moon travels faster than the Sun
19. The Sky (Heaven) can fall on us
20. The Stars originated from the Sun
21. The Sun revolves around the Earth
22. The Sun causes wind
23. Distance between Earth & Moon > Distance between Earth & Sun
24. The Sun and Moon dipping in water
25. How were Gold and Silver formed
26. Moon orbits on water
27. The Sun and Moon causes rain
28. The Sun and the Moon move in a chariot pulled by horses
29. Sea length between India and Sri Lanka
30. Animals used to walk on two feet
31. What causes hoarfrost?
32. The Sun emits different rays that cause seasonal changes
33. What causes Earthquakes?
34. How were mountains formed?
35. What are Stars?
Chapter 18: Biological Errors in Hinduism
1. Embryology
1.1 Incorrect Descriptions of the Human Embryo
1.2 Bones Originate From Fat
2. Conceiving Pregnancy Without Intercourse
3. Conceiving Pregnancy by Drinking Semen
4. There are 7 Layers of Skin
5. Remedies for Venomous Bites
Chapter 19: Astrology and Superstitions
1. Introduction
2. Astrology Decides the Fate of Men and Women
2.1 Astrology of a Man
2.2 Astrology of a Woman
Chapter 20: Bizarre Births
1. Child Birth Through Male Organs
2. Child Birth From Dropped Semen
3. Satyavathi (Mother of VedVyas) was Born out of a Fish
4. Brahma Gave Birth to Demons From his Buttocks
Chapter 21: Black Magic
1. Introduction
2. Rituals Dealing With Love and Relationship
3. Rituals for War and Destroying Enemies
4. Rituals to get Desires Fulfilled
5. Charm Against Evil Spirits
6. Charms for Protection
7. Charms to get Success in Gambling
EXPOSING AND REBUTTALS
Chapter 56: Exposing ISKCON (Krishna Cult)
1. Swami Prabhupada on Child Marriage
2. Prabhupada’s Derogatory Remarks Against Women
3. Polygamy for Men but Women are limited to Only One Husband
4. Swami Prabhupada Justifying the Massacre of Jews by Hitler
5. Swami Prabhupada’s Hatred Against Blacks
6. Prabhupada & Science
Chapter 57: Hinduism and Population
1. Prayers for Multiple Off-springs
2. Instances of Gods Kings Having Multiple Progenies
2.1 King Sasabindu Begets Ten Thousand Lakhs of Children
2.2 Krishna Begets Tens of Millions of Children
2.3 Saubhari Muni Begets 5000 Children
2.4 Daksh Begets 60 Daughters From a Single Women
2.5 Sage Marici Begets 60,000 Children From his Four Wives
Chapter 58: Myths of Akhand Bharat
[Chapter not present in source document]
Chapter 59: Babri Mosque or Ram's Birth Place?
[Chapter not present in source document]
Chapter 60: Exposing Dayanand Saraswati
1. Dayanand Saraswati was addicted to Cannabis
2. Dayanand Saraswati’s view on Marriage, Remarriage and Niyog
3. Dayanand Saraswati on Life on Sun, Moon and other Celestial objects
Chapter 61: Importance of Scriptures
1. Importance of Puranas
1.1 Puranas Originated From the Breath of The Supreme God
1.2 Puranas are Wealth, Treasure and Prosperity
1.3 Puranas are the Fifth Vedas
1.4 Vedas are Incomplete Without Puranas
1.5 Hell for Censuring the Puranas
2. Importance of Manusmriti
2.1 Whatever Manu had said (Manusmriti) is Medicine
2.2 Veer Savarkar and Gowalkar on Manusmriti
3. Importance of Smritis
3.1 Smritis are the Eyes of God
3.2 Smritis are Commandments of Shiva
3.3 Hell for Censuring the Smritis
4. Hell for Rejecting the Vedas
5. All Contradicting Verses are Considered as Dharma
6. No Salvation for Rejecting Scriptures
7. List- 18 Major Puranas
The Scriptures
Chapter 55: Compilation
A — The Vedas (~1500–900 BCE)
1. Who Compiled the Vedas?
1.1 Vyasa as the Compiler — Mythological Claim
1.2 Multiple Authors vs. Divine Origin
2. When Were the Vedas Compiled?
2.1 Contradictory Dating — Traditional vs. Scholarly
2.2 Rigveda Dating Disputes (1500–1200 BCE?)
3. How Many Vedas Were There Originally?
3.1 One Veda Split into Four — The Vyasa Claim
3.2 References to a Fifth Veda (Atharvaveda's Late Inclusion)
4. Oral Transmission Before Written Compilation
4.1 How Long Were Vedas Transmitted Orally? (~1000 Years)
4.2 Errors and Variations During Oral Transmission
B — Upanishads (~800–200 BCE)
5. Who Compiled the Upanishads?
5.1 How Many Upanishads Are Authentic?
5.2 108 vs. 1008 — Conflicting Counts
C — Epics (~400 BCE–400 CE)
6. Who Compiled the Mahabharata?
6.1 Vyasa Wrote It vs. Ganesh Transcribed It
6.2 Growth From 8,800 to 100,000 Verses — Over ~800 Years
7. Who Compiled the Ramayana?
7.1 Valmiki as Author — Anachronism Problem
7.2 Multiple Recensions and Regional Versions
D — Smritis & Puranas (~200 BCE–1200 CE)
8. Smritis — Who Authored Them?
8.1 Manusmriti — Single Author or Layered Composition?
8.2 Contradictions Between Different Smritis
9. Who Compiled the Puranas?
9.1 Vyasa Credited With All 18 Puranas
9.2 Internal Evidence of Multiple Authors and Eras
10. How Many Puranas Are There?
10.1 18 Mahapuranas — Conflicting Lists Across Texts
10.2 Upa-Puranas — No Fixed Number or Canon
E — Interpolations (All Eras)
11. Interpolations and Later Additions
11.1 Interpolations Admitted Within Hindu Tradition
11.2 How to Distinguish Original From Interpolated Verses?
F — Reference
12. List — Key Hindu Scriptures, Claimed Compilers & Dates
Chapter 56: Preservation
A — Oral Tradition (~1500 BCE onward)
1. How Were the Vedas Preserved?
1.1 Oral Tradition (Shruti) — Strengths and Weaknesses
1.2 Pathashalas and Gurukul System
B — Manuscript Tradition (~300 CE onward)
2. Manuscript Tradition — How Reliable?
2.1 Palm Leaf and Birch Bark Manuscripts — Decay Problem
2.2 No Original Autograph Manuscripts Exist
2.3 Copyist Errors and Deliberate Changes
C — Regional Divergence (Medieval)
3. Regional Variations in Preserved Texts
3.1 North vs. South Recensions of the Ramayana
3.2 Different Versions of the Mahabharata Across Regions
3.3 Puranas — Differing Versions of the Same Text
D — What Was Lost
4. Lost Scriptures — What Was Not Preserved?
4.1 Lost Vedic Shakhas (Branches)
4.2 Originally ~1180 Shakhas — Only ~13 Survive Today
4.3 Lost Upanishads and Aranyakas
E — Caste Control Over Preservation
5. Who Preserved the Vedas — Brahmin Monopoly
5.1 Shudras and Women Forbidden From Hearing Vedas
5.2 Preservation as a Tool of Caste Control
F — When Were Vedas Written Down?
6.1 No Consensus on When Writing of Vedas Began
6.2 Resistance to Writing the Vedas Down
G — Colonial & Modern Era
7.1 Max Müller's Edition of the Rigveda — Controversies
7.2 Western Indologists and Textual Criticism
8.1 UNESCO Recognition of Vedic Chanting Tradition (2003)
8.2 Ongoing Loss of Trained Reciters
H — Interpolation as Preservation Problem
9.1 Later Sectarian Groups Adding Verses to Existing Texts
9.2 No Mechanism to Detect or Reject Interpolations
10. The Saraswati Vandanam Paradox — Goddess of Knowledge Yet Knowledge Was Restricted
I — Reference
11. List — Surviving vs. Lost Vedic Shakhas
Chapter 57: Contradictions in the Vedas
1. What did the Ashvins Draw From the Hoof?
2. Who Raised up the Cloud and Showered it?
3. Who Healed the Blind & Crippled Rishi Paravrik?
4. Who Bestowed Immortality on Gods?
5. The Sun Travels by Mares or Horses?
6. Who was the First to Give Soma to Indra?
7. Whom did Indra Kill After Drinking the Soma?
8. For Whom was Soma Brought Down?
9. How Many Castles of Sambara did Indra Destroy?
10. Who is the Creator of Heaven and Earth?
11. How was the Sun Created?
12. Who Placed the Sun in the Heaven/Sky?
13. How was the Universe Created?
14. Did God Create the Universe and its Beings?
15. The Creation Paradox
16. How did the Gods Come into Existence?
17. Who is the Father of Gods?
18. How Many Gods are There?
19. Who is the King of Gods and the World/Universe?
20. Who Fashioned the Thunderbolt of Indra?
21. What is the Complexion of Rudra?
22. How Many Maruts are There?
23. Usha’s Chariot is Drawn by Whom?
24. Was Indra Born Without an Enemy?
25. What is the Colour of Soma?
26. Who Killed Vritra?
27. Who Severed the Limbs of Vritra?
28. Where did Indra Strike Vritra to Kill him?
29. Did the Maruts Stand With Indra in his Fight, or did They Flee Away?
30. Who Destroyed Sambara’s Castles?
31. Who Killed Vala?
32. What Draws the Chariot of the Ashvins?
33. Did Indra Fight Sushna for Kutsa or With Kutsa?
34. To how Many Pillars was Shunashepa Tied and to Whom did he Pray?
35. Who was/were the Husband(s) of Saraswati?
36. Who Were the Husband(s) of Surya, the Daughter of Sun Savitar?
37. Who Were the Parents of the Maruts?
38. Who Were the Parents of the Ashvins?
39. Who Were the Parents of Indra?
40. Who Created Agni, or who Were the Parents of Agni?
41. Who is the Father of the Maruts?
42. Who Were the Parents of Vayu?
43. Who Were the Parents of Yama and Yami?
44. How Many Soldiers of the Asura Krishna did Indra Kill?
45. Who has Tasted Soma on Earth?
46. Where do the Maruts Dwell?
47. Agni is Regarded as Having Taken how Many Births?
48. How Many Adityas are There?
49. Who is the Mother of the Adityas?
50. Who is the Father of Madhukasa?
51. Does Usha Wake the Ashvins, or is Usha Born After Their Car is Yoked?
52. Who Awakens Whom?
Chapter 58: Rigveda
A — Immoral Acts of Gods
1.1 Indra's Drunkenness and Immoral Acts in Rigveda
1.2 Indra Killing His Own Father — Rigveda
1.3 Indra Committing Adultery in Rigveda
B — Animal Sacrifice
2.1 Horse Sacrifice (Ashvamedha) in Rigveda
2.2 Cow Slaughter in Rigveda
2.3 Meat Eating Endorsed in Rigveda
C — Caste Origin
3. Caste Origin — Purusha Sukta (Rigveda 10.90)
3.1 Shudras Born From Feet — Divine Sanction for Caste
3.2 Purusha Sukta as a Later Interpolation
D — Racial References
4.1 Dark-Skinned Enemies (Dasas/Dasyus) in Rigveda
4.2 Aryan Invasion Theory and Rigvedic Evidence
E — Women's Status
5.1 Women as Property in Rigvedic Hymns
5.2 Female Rishis in Rigveda Yet Women Later Barred
F — Soma / Drug References
6.1 Soma as Hallucinogenic Substance
6.2 Gods Described as Intoxicated in Rigveda
G — War & Violence
7.1 Prayers for Destruction of Enemies in Rigveda
7.2 Genocide of Non-Aryans Glorified in Rigveda
H — Scientific Errors
8.1 Flat Earth References in Rigveda
8.2 Sun Moving Around Earth in Rigveda
I — Reference
9. List — Morally Problematic Hymns of Rigveda
Chapter 59: Samaveda
A — Originality Problem
1. Samaveda is Mostly Borrowed From Rigveda
1.1 How Many Verses of Samaveda are Original? (~75 of 1875)
1.2 Samaveda's Independent Authority — Is It Justified?
B — Internal Contradictions
2. Contradictions Between Samaveda and Rigveda on Same Verses
2.1 Altered Verses — Intentional or Error?
2.2 Which Version is More Authentic — Rigveda or Samaveda?
C — Soma Glorification
3.1 Samaveda Dedicated Largely to Soma Rituals
3.2 Intoxicating Drink Praised as Divine in Samaveda
D — Lost Shakhas
4.1 Originally 1000 Shakhas — Only 3 Survive
4.2 What Was Lost and Why
E — Reference
5. List — Samaveda's Verses Borrowed From Rigveda
Chapter 60: Yajurveda
A — Animal & Human Sacrifice
1.1 Ashvamedha (Horse Sacrifice) in Yajurveda
1.2 Purushamedha (Human Sacrifice) in Yajurveda
1.3 Cow Slaughter Prescribed in Yajurveda Rituals
B — Internal Recension Contradiction
2. Krishna Yajurveda vs. Shukla Yajurveda — Contradictions
2.1 Two Completely Different Recensions of Same Veda
2.2 Which Yajurveda is More Authentic?
C — Scientific Errors (Shatapatha Brahmana)
3.1 Geocentric Universe in Shatapatha Brahmana
3.2 Mythological Origin of Species in Shatapatha Brahmana
3.3 Flat Earth in Shatapatha Brahmana
D — Women & Shudras
4.1 Women Compared to Gambling and Untruth
4.2 Shudras Denied Ritual Participation
E — Reference
6. List — Sacrificial Rituals Prescribed in Yajurveda
Chapter 61: Atharvaveda
A — Late Addition Problem
1.1 Originally Only Three Vedas — Atharvaveda Added Later
1.2 Historical Resistance to Accepting Atharvaveda as a Veda
B — Black Magic & Sorcery
2.1 Spells to Harm and Kill Enemies
2.2 Rituals to Cause Disease and Death
2.3 Love Spells and Charms in Atharvaveda
C — Curses & Harmful Rituals
3.1 Curses Against Enemies — A Divine Scripture?
3.2 Rituals for Destroying Opponents
D — Medical Claims vs. Science
5.1 Superstitious Cures in Atharvaveda
5.2 Disease Blamed on Demons — Not Germs
E — Reference
6. List — Black Magic and Sorcery Hymns in Atharvaveda
Chapter 62: Brahmanas
A — Animal & Human Sacrifice
1.1 Step-by-Step Sacrifice Instructions in Shatapatha Brahmana
1.2 Human Sacrifice (Purushamedha) in Shatapatha Brahmana
B — Scientific Errors
2.1 Earth as Flat and Stationary
2.2 Sun as a God Driving a Chariot Across the Sky
2.3 Mythological Explanation of Eclipses
C — Women
3.1 Women Classified With Shudras and Dogs (Aitareya Brahmana)
3.2 Women Barred From Vedic Rites
D — Caste Discrimination
4.1 Shudras Denied Access to Sacred Rituals
4.2 Brahmins Declared Superior to All — Including Kings
E — Priestly Self-Glorification
5.1 Priests Declared More Powerful Than Deities
5.2 Gods Dependent on Brahmin Rituals to Survive
F — Reference
7. List — Major Brahmana Texts and Their Problematic Contents
Chapter 63: Upanishads
A — Canon Problem
1. How Many Upanishads Are Authentic — 10, 13, 108 or 1008?
1.1 No Agreed Canon of Upanishads
1.2 Later Sectarian Upanishads Claiming Ancient Authority
B — Women & Caste
4.1 Wife as Property in Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
4.2 Ritual for Subduing a Wife Against Her Will
5.1 Knowledge Given Only to Brahmins (Chandogya)
5.2 Satyakama Story — Exception That Proves the Rule
C — Scientific Errors
6.1 Embryology in Aitareya vs. Modern Science
D — Afterlife Contradictions
7.1 Reincarnation Described Differently Across Upanishads
7.2 Moksha Defined Contradictorily
E — Reference
8. List — Principal Upanishads and Their Contradictions
Chapter 64: Bhagavad Gita
A — Authorship & Authenticity
1.1 Gita as a Later Insertion Into Mahabharata
1.2 Different Versions of Bhagavad Gita — Which is Original?
2.1 Verses Added by Later Sectarian Editors
2.2 How Many Verses Are Original?
B — Violence & War
3.1 Krishna Commanding Arjuna to Kill His Own Family
3.2 Gita Used to Justify Violence — Historical Examples
C — Caste Contradiction Within Gita
4.1 Gita 4.13 — Caste by Guna and Karma
4.2 Gita 18.41-44 — Caste Duties Fixed by Birth
D — Nishkama Karma
6.1 Desireless Action While Fighting a War — Possible?
E — Women & Lower Castes
8.1 Gita 9.32 — Women, Vaishyas and Shudras as of Sinful Birth
F — Reference
9. List — Internal Contradictions in Bhagavad Gita
Chapter 65: Mahabharata
A — Text Integrity
1.1 Growth: 8,800 → 24,000 → 100,000 Verses Over ~800 Years
1.2 Critical Edition Removing 40%+ Verses as Interpolations
B — Internal Narrative Contradictions
2.1 Contradictory Accounts of Same Events
2.2 Characters Behaving Contradictorily Across Books
C — Krishna's Morally Questionable Acts
3.1 Krishna Advising Deception in Battle (Adharma)
3.2 Krishna's Role in Killing of Karna — Fair or Treacherous?
3.3 Krishna's Role in Killing of Drona
D — Caste Discrimination
4.1 Ekalavya — Thumb Cut for Being a Shudra
4.2 Karna Rejected for His Low-Caste Birth
E — Women as Property
5.1 Yudhishthira Gambling His Wife
5.2 Draupadi's Public Humiliation — Gods and Dharma Silent
F — Violence Glorified
6.1 Mass Killing Presented as Righteous
6.2 Rules of War Broken by the Pandavas
G — Reference
9. List — Major Contradictions and Moral Problems in Mahabharata
Chapter 66: Ramayana
A — Multiple Contradictory Recensions
1.1 North Indian vs. South Indian Recensions
1.2 Which Ramayana is the Original?
B — Uttara Kanda — Interpolation?
2.1 Uttara Kanda Absent in Many Ancient Versions
2.2 Sita's Abandonment — Found Only in Uttara Kanda
C — Moral Problems in Rama's Conduct
3.1 Fire Test for Purity — Divine Justice or Injustice?
3.2 Rama Abandoning Sita Again Despite Her Proven Purity
4.1 Shudra Killed for Performing Tapas — Shambuka
4.2 Rama as Maryada Purushottam vs. Killer of Shambuka
5.1 Rama Killing Vali From Behind a Tree
5.2 Vali's Accusation Against Rama — Unanswered
D — Women's Status
9.1 Sita Told to Prove Her Purity Multiple Times
9.2 Ramayana's Ideal Woman — Silent, Submissive, Sacrificing
E — Reference
10. List — Morally Problematic Episodes in Ramayana
Chapter 67: Manusmriti
A — Against Shudras
1.1 Shudras Cannot Own Property
1.2 Shudras Cannot Hear or Recite Vedas
1.3 Molten Lead Poured Into Ears of Shudras Hearing Vedas
1.4 Shudras Must Serve Upper Castes Without Pay
B — Against Women
2.1 Women Must Always Be Under Male Control
2.2 Women Compared to Untruth and Darkness
2.3 Women Denied Right to Education and Vedic Study
2.4 Widow Remarriage Forbidden in Manusmriti
C — Caste by Birth
3.1 Varna Determined at Birth — No Mobility
3.2 Intercaste Marriage Condemned
D — Differential Punishment
4.1 Brahmin Getting Lighter Punishment for Same Crime
4.2 Shudra Getting Harsher Punishment Than Brahmin
E — Internal Contradictions
5.1 Contradicting Laws Within Same Text
5.2 Evidence of Multiple Authors and Interpolations
F — Untouchability
7.1 Chandala (Untouchable) Laws in Manusmriti
7.2 Untouchables Denied Basic Human Dignities
G — Historical Context
8. Ambedkar's Burning of Manusmriti (1927) — Context
9. Is Manusmriti the Law of Hindus — Historical Debate
H — Reference
10. List — Most Oppressive Laws in Manusmriti
Chapter 68: Other Smritis
A — Divine Authority Claim
2.1 Smritis as Commandments of Shiva — Claim Without Proof
2.2 Multiple Conflicting Smritis Cannot All Be Divine
B — Women's Laws
4.1 Varying Laws on Widow Remarriage Across Smritis
4.2 Women's Property Rights — Contradictory Across Smritis
C — Caste Laws
5.1 Smritis Adding More Restrictions Not in Vedas
5.2 Smritis Creating New Sub-Castes and Hierarchies
D — Dharmasutras
6.1 Apastamba Dharmasutra on Shudras and Women
6.2 Baudhayana Dharmasutra on Untouchability
E — Reference
7. List — Major Smritis and Their Conflicting Laws
Chapter 72: Dharmasutras
A — Caste Hierarchy
1.1 Apastamba Dharmasutra on Shudra Restrictions
1.2 Baudhayana Dharmasutra on Untouchability
1.3 Gautama Dharmasutra on Caste Punishments
B — Women's Rights Denied
2.1 Women Denied Right to Own Property
2.2 Women Denied Right to Education
2.3 Widow Laws in Dharmasutras
C — Internal Contradictions
3.1 Apastamba vs. Baudhayana on Same Social Rules
3.2 Gautama vs. Vasishtha on Punishment and Caste
D — Legacy
4.1 Dharmasutras Predating and Influencing Manusmriti
4.2 Dharmasutras Still Influencing Hindu Personal Law
E — Reference
5. List — Major Dharmasutras and Their Oppressive Laws
Chapter 73: Arthashastra
A — Status Question
1.1 Arthashastra's Religious Framing vs. Political Content
1.2 Claimed Authorship by Kautilya — Historical Disputes
B — Endorsement of Deception
2.1 Spies, Assassins and Agents Prescribed as State Policy
2.2 Deception as a Legitimate Tool of Governance
C — Caste & Social Control
3.1 Caste Hierarchy Enforced Through State Power
3.2 Different Laws and Punishments for Different Castes
D — Morally Questionable Strategies
4.1 Assassination and Poisoning as State Tools
4.2 Using Women as Spies and Weapons
E — Women as State Resources
5.1 Women Classified as State Resources
5.2 Female Spies and Their Roles in Arthashastra
F — Reference
6. List — Most Controversial Prescriptions in Arthashastra
Chapter 69: 18 Major Puranas
A — Late Composition
2.1 Internal Evidence Proving Medieval Composition
2.2 Puranas Mentioning Historical Figures Centuries Later
B — Scientific Errors
4.1 Flat Earth and Seven Continents Model in Puranas
4.2 Sun as a Chariot Driven by Horses
4.3 Mythological Explanation of Eclipses (Rahu/Ketu)
C — Sexual Content
5.1 Gods Engaging in Adultery and Sexual Misconduct
5.2 Sexual Acts Described as Sacred in Puranic Stories
D — Violence & Immoral Acts of Gods
6.1 Gods Killing, Deceiving and Cursing Each Other
6.2 Genocide Presented as Divine Act in Puranas
E — Self-Delegitimization
8.1 Puranas Delegitimizing Each Other
F — Reference
9. List — 18 Mahapuranas and Their Contradictions
Chapter 70: Specific Individual Puranas
A — Bhagavata Purana
1.1 Geocentric Cosmology in Bhagavata Purana
1.2 Impossible Lifespans of Kings in Bhagavata Purana
B — Shiva Purana
2.1 Shiva Deceiving Sages' Wives
2.2 Shiva Cursed and Losing His Phallus
C — Vishnu Purana
3.1 Vishnu Purana's Cosmology vs. Modern Science
3.2 Vishnu Purana's Account of Creation vs. Other Puranas
D — Skanda Purana
4.1 Skanda Purana's Inconsistent Content Across Versions
4.2 Evidence of Multiple Authors Across Centuries
E — Garuda Purana
5.1 Horrific Punishments in Garuda Purana's Hell
5.2 Hell Punishments Varying Across Different Puranas
F — Padma Purana
6.1 Padma Purana Calling Shiva Puranas Tamasic (Evil)
6.2 Sectarian Bias Embedded in Scripture
G — Linga Purana
9.1 Origin of Linga Worship in Linga Purana
9.2 Sexual Symbolism as Spiritual — Valid or Problematic?
H — Reference
10. List — Most Problematic Puranas and Their Contents
Chapter 71: Tantric Scriptures
A — Authority Problem
1.1 Agamas Claiming Equal or Higher Authority Than Vedas
1.2 Vedic Tradition Rejecting Tantric Authority
B — Sexual Rituals
2.1 Panchamakara (Five Ms) — Wine, Meat, Fish, Grain, Sexual Union
2.2 Sexual Acts as Worship — Spiritual or Immoral?
C — Animal Sacrifice
4.1 Durga Worship Involving Animal Sacrifice
4.2 Tantric Sacrifice vs. Ahimsa in Mainstream Hinduism
D — Internal Conflict
6.1 Left-Hand vs. Right-Hand Tantra — Two Contradictory Paths Within Tantra
E — Reference
7. List — Tantric Texts and Their Controversial Contents
Cross A: Vedas vs. Vedas
Samaveda vs. Rigveda
Altered Verses — Which Version is Authentic?
Samaveda Borrowing 1800 of 1875 Verses — Independent Veda?
Yajurveda vs. Rigveda
Contradictions Between Yajurveda and Rigveda on Same Topics
Atharvaveda vs. First Three Vedas
Atharvaveda's Gods Behaving Differently From Rigvedic Gods
Conflicting Cosmological Views Across All Four Vedas
Krishna vs. Shukla Yajurveda
Two Completely Different Recensions of Same Veda
Which Yajurveda is More Authentic?
Cross B: Vedas vs. Upanishads
Ritual Authority Contradiction
Mundaka Upanishad Calling Vedic Rituals Inferior
Vedas Promote Rituals, Upanishads Reject Them — Same Canon?
Nature of God
Personal God vs. Impersonal Brahman Across Upanishads
Advaita vs. Dvaita — Both Claimed From Upanishads
Upanishads vs. Upanishads
No Agreed Canon — 10, 13, 108, or 1008 Upanishads?
Later Sectarian Upanishads Claiming Ancient Authority
Cross C: Upanishads vs. Bhagavad Gita
God-Concept Contradiction
Personal God in Gita vs. Impersonal Brahman in Upanishads
Bhakti in Gita vs. Jnana in Upanishads — Which Path is Supreme?
Ahimsa Contradiction
Gita Glorifying War vs. Ahimsa as Highest Dharma in Other Texts
Caste Contradiction
Gita 4.13 — Caste by Guna vs. Gita 18.41-44 — Caste by Birth
Cross D: Vishnu Purana vs. Shiva Purana
Supremacy Contradiction
Shiva Declared Supreme in Shiva Purana
Vishnu Declared Supreme in Vishnu Purana
Both Cannot Be True Simultaneously
Contradictory Genealogies
Different Parents of Same Gods in Different Puranas
Contradictory Birth Stories of Major Deities
Puranas Delegitimizing Each Other
Padma Purana Calling Shiva Puranas Tamasic (Evil)
Hell Punishments Varying Across Different Puranas
Canon Dispute
Devi Bhagavata vs. Bhagavata Purana — Both Claim to Be Same Mahapurana
Sectarian Dispute Over Canonical Status
Cross E: Smritis vs. Smritis
Same Laws — Different Rulings
Yajnavalkya Smriti vs. Manusmriti on Same Laws
Parashara Smriti vs. Manusmriti on Women
Narada Smriti vs. Manusmriti on Punishment
No Final Authority
No Mechanism for Resolving Smriti Conflicts
Different Regions Following Different Smritis
Dharmasutras vs. Each Other
Apastamba vs. Baudhayana on Same Social Rules
Gautama vs. Vasishtha on Punishment and Caste
Cross F: Tantras vs. Vedas & Ahimsa
Authority Clash
Agamas Claiming Equal or Higher Authority Than Vedas
Vedic Tradition Rejecting Tantric Authority
Social Rules Reversed
Tantra Rejecting Varna System vs. Vedas Enforcing It
Tantra Allowing Women Ritual Roles Denied in Vedas
Ahimsa Contradiction
Tantric Animal Sacrifice vs. Ahimsa in Mainstream Hinduism
Internal Tantric Contradiction
Shaiva Agamas vs. Pancharatra Agamas on Ritual and Theology
Left-Hand vs. Right-Hand Tantra — Two Contradictory Paths Within Tantra
Chapter 74: Importance of Scriptures
A — Puranas Claimed as Supreme
1.1 Puranas Originated From the Breath of The Supreme God
1.2 Puranas are Wealth, Treasure and Prosperity
1.3 Puranas are the Fifth Vedas
1.4 Vedas are Incomplete Without Puranas
1.5 Hell for Censuring the Puranas
B — Manusmriti Claimed as Sacred Law
2.1 Whatever Manu had said (Manusmriti) is Medicine
2.2 Veer Savarkar and Gowalkar on Manusmriti
C — Smritis Claimed as Divine Commands
3.1 Smritis are the Eyes of God
3.2 Smritis are Commandments of Shiva
3.3 Hell for Censuring the Smritis
D — Vedas as Ultimate Authority
4. Hell for Rejecting the Vedas
5. All Contradicting Verses are Considered as Dharma
6. No Salvation for Rejecting Scriptures
E — Reference
7. List — 18 Major Puranas